Play

On this page, the word play is interpreted in a somewhat wider sense, also including dancing, games, angling, carnivals, archery, etc.

Kittens are very playful. When playing, they acquire skills, which are necessary later in their life, when they have to start hunting. The taming of the wild cat is described on the page Animals: Animals as servants of Man.

Tibetan Buddhism, or Lamaism, is described in depth on the page Religion: Buddhism.

The Gurungs are a Mongolian people, who mainly lives in the Annapurna area, central Nepal. Their main occupation is agriculture, and they also keep domestic animals, including cattle and sheep. Many Gurung men work in the police force or in the army, and quite a few are enrolled in the famous Gurkha regiment, which is often sent to conflict areas around the world. The relatively large salary in this regiment is often invested in the hotel and tourist business.

The main religion of Gurungs is Buddhism, influenced by shamanism. The latter is described on the page Religion: Animism.

As their families are often too poor to buy expensive toys, Nepalese children will play with materials at hand. These Gurung children in the Kali Gandaki Valley are building a castle of stones and cardboard wrappings. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The Khmer are the most numerous people in Cambodia, accounting for over 97% of the 16 million people in the country. They are descended from the founders of the Khmer Empire (802-1431 A.D.), foremost among Southeast Asian Hindu kingdoms. This empire left a superb legacy in the form of the Angkor ruins.

During a carnival in the town of Los Christianos, Tenerife, Canary Islands, these children have been dressed up for a parade, including a little boy as a clown, and a girl as a giant butterfly.

Holi is a Hindu spring festival, celebrating the god Krishna, and the victory of good over evil – a gay festival, in which people, regardless of caste, pelt each other with red, yellow, purple, or green powder, or with water, dyed with powder. For this reason, Holi has been dubbed The Festival of Colours.

My ‘colourful’ adventures during Holi are related on the page Travel episodes – India 1991: Attending Hindu festivals in Rajasthan.

During another Hindu festival, Bada Dasain, also called Dassera or Durga Puja, gigantic swings are erected in many Nepalese villages, tied to the end of long ropes, which hang down from the top of four long bamboo poles. Other swings are tied to large branches in trees.

Yet another Hindu festival is Bisket Jatra, which is celebrated by the Newar people in the city of Bhaktapur, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. During this festival, a chariot with an image of the Hindu god Kalo Bhairab (a local form of Shiva), is hauled through the streets.

The fascinating ancestry of elephants, and the sad fate of these pachyderms, are dealt with in detail on the page Animals: Rise and fall of the mighty elephants.

Thakalis are a people of Tibetan origin, living in an area around the villages Marpha and Tukuche, Upper Kali Gandaki Valley, Annapurna, central Nepal. This people, counting around 15,000 souls, are Buddhists. However, their belief is strongly influenced by shamanism, and many of their festivals stem from the period before the introduction of Buddhism to this area.

Traditionally, Thakalis are skilful traders, who have for centuries travelled with mule caravans between Tibet and India, trading with cereals, sugar, tea, and industrial goods from India, and salt, wool, and animal hides from Tibet. Agriculture is of less importance in the windblown Upper Kali Gandaki Valley, where monsoon rain is sparse.

Thakalis practice a true form of Communism through the dhigur (a kind of foundation), to which each family contributes the same amount. The money is given to a person in need, who can spend it as he or she pleases, without interference from anybody.

Shamanism is described on the page Religion: Animism.

The Unga are a Bantu people, who live on islands in the great Bangweulu Swamps, northern Zambia. Their main occupation is fishing, and they also grow manioc, or kassava (Manihot esculenta), besides collecting a number of wild plants, such as rhizomes of water-lilies (Nymphaea) and roots of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus). They also hunt birds and antelope.

The daily life of the Unga people is related in detail on the page Countries and places: Bangweulu – where water meets the sky.

Of the 23 species of macaque, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is the most widespread, found from Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam, south to the Malaysian and Indonesian Archipelago, and thence east to the Philippines.

This species, and many other monkeys, are dealt with in detail on the page Animals: Monkeys and apes.

City pigeons are a domesticated form of the rock pigeon (Columba livia), which have become feral, often forming huge populations in many cities around the world. Despite the fact that they are often a nuisance, dropping their guano everywhere, and maybe also spreading contagious diseases, feeding them is a very popular occupation.

These birds usually gather in large flocks on city squares, where little children often have fun chasing them. Two examples are shown below.

The Tanzanian boys in the picture below are showing balls, made from the sap of a forest vine. They smear a finger in the sap, and when it has dried a little, they blow it up. Then, over the next few hours, they apply several layers of sap, finally producing a small ball. The boy to the right shows a finished ball.

During a stay in Kota Bharu, Malaysia, I witnessed two forms of local games, shown in the pictures below.

Gasing is a spinning top, weighing around 5 kilos. A rope is tied around the top, and with the help of this rope, the top is hurled onto a flat piece of ground. While the top is spinning, another man shovels up the top with a bat, placing it on a narrow piece of metal, which again has to be placed on a piece of wood. The top must not be touched with your hands. The team, whose top is spinning for the longest time, has won.

Silat is a stylized martial art, somewhat resembling dancing. The point is to fool the opponent and then suddenly throw him to the ground.

Orangutans (Pongo) are closely related to humans – a fact which is also seen in their name, from the Malay orang (’Man’), and utan (’forest’), thus ‘Forest Man’. During the last hundred years or so, orangutans have declined drastically and are now in danger of extinction. The main reason for this decline is habitat destruction, as huge areas of rainforest have been cleared by the timber industry and converted into oil palm plantations and farmland. Another reason is that poachers shoot female orangutans to get hold of their young, which are sold to zoos or others.

In Borneo, a number of rehabilitation centres for orangutans have been established, where orphaned young Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), which have been confiscated from poachers, are trained to live in the forest, after which they are released into safe areas, such as national parks.

These fascinating animals are described in detail on the pages Animals: Monkeys and apes, and Travel episodes – Borneo 1985: Visiting orangutans.

The Batak are a group of closely realated Austronesian peoples, including the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Angkola, and Mandailing, who live in a large area of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. My acquaintance with these people stems from a visit to Lake Toba in 1975.

Other pictures, depicting the Batak and their culture, are shown on the pages Culture: Musicians, and Culture: Folk art around the world.

This boy is peeping through a hole in hardened lava, stemming from an eruption of the volcano Krafla, near Lake Myvatn, Iceland, which took place about 15 years earlier. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The widespread dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is described in detail on the page Plants: Plants in folklore and poetry.

These girls in the Markha Valley, Ladakh, India, play an ancient game. They throw several pebbles into the air, grabbing as many pebbles as possible from the ground, before catching the falling ones. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is found in most of sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception of deserts, rainforests, and alpine areas on mountain tops. This species once ranged all over Europe and northern Asia, from Spain and France east to eastern Siberia. It is still not clear why it went extinct in Siberia, but its disappearance from Europe is linked to the decline in grasslands – its favoured habitat – about 12,500 years ago.

The spotted hyena has a very complex social behaviour, with respect to group-size, hierarchical structure, and frequency of social interaction among both kin and unrelated group-mates. However, their social system is openly competitive rather than cooperative, with access to kills, mating opportunities, and the time of dispersal for males, all depending on the ability to dominate other clan-members. (Source: Holekamp, Sakai & Lundrigan, 2007. Social intelligence in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, 362, pp. 523-538)

A very young pup of spotted hyena, playing with an older pup outside their den, Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. When the pups are born, they are jetblack. With age, they become pale grey, before changing into the brownish pelt of adults. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The Sinhalese are a people from North India, who, in the 6th Century B.C., conquered most of Sri Lanka and created an advanced civilization with several competing kingdoms. The various peoples of Sri Lanka are described on the page Travel episodes – Sri Lanka 1974: Among the Veddas.

Sinhalese boys, playing with ‘air guns’, made from thin sticks, which fit into a tube. When you press the stick into the tube very quickly, you are able to shoot pebbles quite a distance. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) is described in detail on the page Animals: Hippo – the river horse that lives on both sides.

The Yi people, also known as Nuosuo or Lolo, are an ethnic group, living in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering around 9 million people, they are among the largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups, which are officially recognized by the People’s Republic of China. (Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_people)

More pictures of Chinese tribal people may be seen in the gallery at People: Tribals of China.

This little Yi girl is playing with bits of banana leaves, which her parents have been using to wrap around goods, to be sold at a market in the town of Yuanyang, Yunnan Province, China. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

Usually, dogs and cats are sworn enemies, but if they grow up together, like this cat and wire-haired dachshund, they can be the best of friends. – Domestic cats and dogs are dealt with in detail on the page Animals: Animals as servants of Man.

This old and weathered wooden sculpture in Taichung, Taiwan, depicts children, playing with a deer. More pictures of wood carvings from Taiwan and other places may be seen on the page Culture: Wood carvings. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The Makonde are a Bantu people, who originated from the Mueda Plateau in northern Mozambique. They managed to avoid being victims of the Muslim slave trade in East Africa, and only came under colonial rule in the 1920s. In the 1960s, the Portuguese were expelled from Mozambique, and the revolution was primarily financed by the sale of the famous Makonde wood carvings.

Today, Makonde people live throughout Mozambique and Tanzania, besides a small number in Kenya.

Christianity is described in depth on the page Religion: Christianity.

This mural in Povls Church, Bornholm, Denmark, depicts serious sins, such as playing music, dancing, and playing games – at least according to certain puritanical Christian sects. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

The complicated ancestry of the domestic dog is described on the page Animals: Dog family.

The jet-black choughs, the red-billed (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and the alpine, or yellow-billed (P. graculus), are master navigators in the air. Often you see them in large flocks, swooping and diving, while calling incessantly – obviously showing sheer pleasure of flying. These birds are presented in depth on the page Animals: Himalayan animals.

During the annual Tibetan Yartung Festival, held in the Jhong River Valley, Mustang, central Nepal, a lot of festivities take place, including a horse race. The aim is to be the one that picks up a white scarf, a khata, placed on the ground. A few women also participate in this race.

Wearing his mother’s slippers, this little boy is trying to move a plank, the size of which is obviously beyond his abilities, Bagarchap, Marsyangdi Valley, central Nepal. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)

(Uploaded October 2016)

(Latest update November 2020)

Kaj Halberg - writer & photographer

Travels ‐ Landscapes ‐ Wildlife ‐ People

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